Regional Barometer. Analyses & Prognoses

“Elite Refugees?”: Identity and Practices of Professional Self-Mobilization among Ukrainian Academic Migrants

Yulia Kiselyova — 2024-12-30

Rosyjska inwazja na Ukrainę wywołała kolejną falę migracji obywateli Ukrainy do Europy Środkowej i Zachodniej. W tej fali jest duża liczba ukraińskich naukowców. Otrzymują oni bezprecedensową pomoc ze strony europejskiej społeczności akademickiej, która pozwala im kontynuować pracę naukową, zdobywać doświadczenie w pracy w instytucjach europejskich, nawiązywać kontakty akademickie i dzielić się praktykami badawczymi oraz ogólnie uczestniczyć w tworzeniu wiedzy w krajach goszczących. Bycie odbiorcą pomocy instytucjonalnej i oddolnej wpływa również na postrzeganie siebie przez ukraińskich naukowców, którzy stali się przymusowymi migrantami. Świadomość swojej „specjalnej” pozycji przyczynia się do ewolucji ich wyobrażeń o ich obowiązkach społecznych i zawodowych. Celem artykułu jest analiza przejawów sprawczości wśród ukraińskich migrantów akademickich na poziomie form samoidentyfikacji oraz konkretnych praktyk samomobilizacji społecznej i akademickiej. Zdaniem autorów, uwzględnienie sprawczości ukraińskich naukowców pomoże rozpocząć dyskusję na temat długoterminowych konsekwencji pomocy dla przesiedlonych naukowców dla systemów akademickich zarówno krajów przyjmujących, jak i Ukrainy. Badanie opiera się na zestawie wywiadów zebranych w ramach projektu „Przenosząc się na Zachód: ukraińscy naukowcy w warunkach przymusowej migracji (2014–2022)”. Cechą wyróżniającą projekt jest to, że przeprowadzono wywiady zarówno z ukraińskimi migrantami, jak i europejskimi naukowcami zaangażowanymi w pomoc swoim ukraińskim kolegom.

Changes in the Socioeconomic Situation of the Capitals of the Former Voivodships after the Implementation of the Local Government Reform. Basic Trends

Mieczysław Kowerski — 2024-12-30

On January 1, 1999, Poland implemented an administrative reform that resulted in 31 cities losing their status as voivodship capitals. This change removed a significant, and for some cities, the most important factor driving their development. Negative consequences quickly emerged, including the out-migration of qualified staff, population decline, reduced investment and economic activity, and a decrease in the income of residents. The aim of the study is to assess the changes in the economic situation of these former voivodship capitals following the reform’s implementation. Using statistical methods, convergence models, a taxonomic measure of development and the Wrocław taxonomy method the study examines the socioeconomic changes that occurred. The analysis is based on the average annual growth rates of ten selected indicators, focusing on changes in the socioeconomic situation rather than their absolute level of development. Therefore, cities ranked highest are those that developed the fastest in the analyzed period, not necessarily those with the highest level of economic development. The taxonomic measure of development shows values ranging from 0.31 to 0.65. This indicates that individual cities experienced different rates of development after the reform, but no clear leader emerged with the highest growth rate across most indicators. Similarly, no cities demonstrated consistently low growth rates across most indicators.

Modeling of Passenger Rail Transport in the Zamość Region Using Multi-Instancely Marked Petri Nets over Ontological Graphs

Krzysztof Pancerz — 2024-12-30

The article discusses the possibility of using Petri nets over ontological graphs to model passenger rail transport in the Zamość region. Petri nets are a mathematical and graphical tool for modeling the structure and dynamics of systems. The Petri net model, proposed for use, also takes into account the semantics of the system elements (e.g., the classes of trains run by carriers). The structure of the passenger rail transport system includes primarily railway lines and passenger rail infrastructure facilities (railway stations and passenger stops). The dynamics of the passenger rail transport system is the movement of trains on railway lines. The approach proposed in the article adopts a higher level of modeling abstraction, which can be made more detailed in further research, primarily by taking into account time dependencies.

Local Government Unit Budgets in Poland, 1999-2023

Magdalena Miszczuk — 2024-12-30

In 1999, additional levels of local government were established in Poland: the county (Polish: powiat) and the voivodship (Polish: województwo). The year 2024 marks the 25th anniversary of this reform. Therefore, the study aims to examine the formation of the Local Government Units finances and to identify the factors influencing them. Budgets of these units in the years 1999–2023 were analyzed. The study reveals that the revenue and expenditure potential of municipalities, including cities with the county rights, is considerably higher than that of counties and voivodships. However, among all levels of local government, voivodships experienced the highest income growth between 1999 and 2023. Local government revenues and expenditures were influenced by legislative changes, economic conditions, and the uneven distribution of EU funds. In recent years, budgets have also been affected by shocks such as a pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and high inflation. Comparing local government revenues to GDP indicates the evolving role of local government within the state. The recent downward trend in this ratio for communes (Polish: gmina), cities with county rights, and counties is unfavourable.

Report from the International Scientific Conference “Problems of Local and Regional Development—Socio-economic and Financial Aspects”

2024-12-30

Abstract of Andrzej Miszczuk, Alicja Sekuła, Magdalena Miszczuk: Green Transformation of the Economics and Local Governments Finance

2024-12-30