The article focuses on the role of the middle level administrative district (county) in traditional Polish administration. The author analyzes the history of the administrative district as a unit of territorial division of the country, stressing the history of the most recent reform, its controversies and accepted solutions. In particular, the author poses the question whether the recently introduced district self-government has solidified, and whether it has fulfilled the expectations of local societies. The article also considers the factors of consolidation of the administrative district, and the integrating function of history and tradition. At the same time, it points to the present state of consolidation, the weaknesses of administrative districts, and the existing, albeit untaken chances.
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