Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period were associated with a risk for both women and children. This has led to the development of numerous related beliefs and protective practices. However, there are only a few texts in ethnographic literature devoted to these issues in the context of the culture of Jews living in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The aim of this article is to show how ethnographic publications from the late 19th and early 20th centuries addressed practices and beliefs related to these issues. The text presents the attitude towards parenthood in Jewish culture, discussing prohibitions and commandments concerning pregnant women, as well as preparations for delivery and childbirth itself. The combination of folk practic-es, magical thinking and religion is an interesting issue, as is the intermingling of cultures. Despite the limited quantity and diversity of sources analysed, the publications reveal the richness of the traditions that defined the way of life of Jewish communities.
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