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The Authority and Guidance of Blessed Marcelina Darowska as a Beacon in the Spiritual Journeys of Artists from the Circle of Immaculate Sisters. Based on Correspondence of Celina Michałowska
Abstract
This article centres on unpublished, handwritten letters by the Immaculate Sister Celina Michałowska (daughter and only pupil of the painter Piotr Michałowski). Excerpts from these letters are analysed to explore the authority and significance of Mother Superior Marcelina Darowska, a mystic, in Michałowska’s life and in the broader context of the Immaculate Congregation. The correspondence frequently references 19th-century literary and artistic figures (including Adam Mickiewicz, Stanisław Wyspiański, and Henryk Rodakowski), implicitly demonstrating that the convents founded by Darowska were not isolated spaces exclusively for the fulfilment of spiritual vocations but remained in active dialogue with the contemporary cultural world. They also served as places for the development of various literary, artistic, and musical talents. This study aims to present the often-overlooked topic of Darowska’s and the Immaculate Sisters’ contribution to the development of (women’s) culture in the 19th century.
Keywords:
epistolography, women’s education, Immaculate Sisters, Celina Michałowska, Marcelina DarowskaMost read articles by the same author(s)
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