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The 1826 Herding Contract Between the Residents of the Hrubieszów Pogórze Suburb and Local Herdsmen
Janusz Panasiewicz
Abstract
The author publishes a document found in the State Archive in Lublin among the records of the Hrubieszów Agricultural Society of the Staszic Foundation, attached to the files of a court case concerning common pastures in the town of Hrubieszów. It is a contract signed in 1826 between the inhabitants of the town of Hrubieszów, and, more specifically, the suburb of "Pohurza" (now Pogórze), both Catholics and Jews, and two herdsmen: Jan Kostaniuk and Hrycie Duchnysz, who for several years had been grazing the “Pohurza stock,” i.e. cattle and other animals, in the summer. The contract specifies the times of the grazing as well as the duties and pay of the herdsmen. The grazing was to take place from 30 March to St Michael the Archangel’s Day, “according to the Russian calendar” or until heavy snows. The herdsmen were obliged, among other things, to drive the herds out to the field every day at 5 a.m. and drive them home one hour before sunset. The parties, being unable to write, signed the contract with the sign of the cross. The contract, which was also signed by a representative of the Hrubieszów Agricultural Society, is appended to the article. The author has modernised the spelling of some of the words, giving their original versions in the footnotes, in which he also explains the meaning of the words which are no longer understood, referring to dictionaries of the Polish language and Polish dialect as well as M. Arct’s dictionary of Old Polish. The footnotes also contain a number of other explanations to the text, e.g. the phrase wierzba zaraźliwa used in the contract.
Keywords:
Hrubieszów in the 19th century, Pogórze suburb in Hrubieszów, Hrubieszów Agricultural Society, livestock grazing, willow’s propertiesMost read articles by the same author(s)
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