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Against the Soviets. The Czechoslovak Corps in Siberia and its ac tions against the Bolsheviks in the sp ring of 1918
Abstract
Czechoslovak Corps – a military formation formed in Russia during World War I from prisoners and deserters of Czech and Slovak nationality from the Imperial-Royal Austro-Hungarian Army and - to a lesser extent - from Czechs and Slovaks living in Russia before World War I, was a formation that played a very large role in inciting military action against the Bolsheviks in vast areas of eastern Russia, the Urals and Siberia, and the Russian Far East. The traditions of the Czechoslovak Corps date back to the summer of 1914, when a unit called the „Czech Team” (Česká družina) was established. In 1916, the Czechoslovak Brigade was formed, and in the fall of 1917, a corps of 40,000 was formed, consisting of two infantry divisions. After the signing of the Peace of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918, the Soviets agreed to the evacuation of the Czechoslovak Corps via Vladivostok to France. However, as a result of attempts to disarm it in May 1918, the Corps turned against the Soviets. From May to September 1918, together with the forming „White Guard” units, the Czechoslovak Corps controlled the area from the Volga to the Pacific Ocean. This enabled the emergence of the eastern center of power of the „white” Russians, later led by adm. Alexander Kolchak. After the losses inflicted on the Czechoslovak Corps by the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army, he was reorganized and sent to protect the Trans-Siberian Railway. During the evacuation from Siberia, he fought against the Soviet forces. As a result of the Kujtun agreement concluded on February 7, 1920, the Czechoslovak command handed over to the Soviets adm. Aleksander Kołczak, who had previously entrusted himself to the care of the Corps, and the so-called „The Golden Treasure of Russia”. In return, Czechoslovak troops were free to evacuate to Vladivostok. By the end of 1920, the Czechoslovak legionnaires left the territories of Far Eastern Russia by sea and, further through Western Europe, reached Czechoslovakia.
Keywords:
Czechoslovak Corps in Russia, Russian Civil War, Siberia, Bolsheviks, Lev Trotsky, Allied intervention in Russia, Siberian interventionMost read articles by the same author(s)
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