Published : 2024-12-30

Political and Patriotic Activities of Teachers of Polish Rural Folk Schools in Galicia during the Period of Autonomy (1867–1918)

Abstract

The aim of the article is to present the environment of teachers working in elementary (folk) schools in Polish villages during the times of autonomy (lasting from the 1867 to 1918). The article is based on a diverse and extensive base consisting of archival and printed sources, diaries and thematic literature. The subject of detailed analyzes was the political and patriotic activity of teachers who co-created rural intelligentsia, which were still very small at that time. Positive manifestations of teachers' presence in the countryside (apart from educational activities) were their involvement in local social and political life. The analysis of the source material indicates that they undertook various political and patriotic activities. The article draws attention to various conditions influencing these activities. It was made difficult by the Austrian central and Galician authorities, who did not allow teachers to conduct anti-state political and patriotic activities. However, many teachers did not comply with these orders. They tried to educate their students as Poles and patriots. In addition, they were involved in the political education of adults. They also belonged to different political parties. Teachers also engaged in various political and military activities during World War I.

Keywords:

Galicia, Galician autonomy, folk schools in Galicia, rural folk schools in Galicia in the times of autonomy, teachers in rural folk schools in Galicia in the times of autonomy, patriotism of Polish teachers



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Pelczar, R. (2024). Political and Patriotic Activities of Teachers of Polish Rural Folk Schools in Galicia during the Period of Autonomy (1867–1918). Biografistyka Pedagogiczna [Biographical Studies in Education], 9(3), 239–268. https://doi.org/10.36578/BP.2024.09.67

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"Biografistyka Pedagogiczna" received funding for the years 2022-2024 from the funds of the Minister of Education and Science under the programme „Rozwój Czasopism Naukowych”.

Project duration: 2023-2024.

The amount of co-financing is 65 992,00 PLN

Contract number: RCN/SP/0434/2021/1